Oceanography has advanced greatly since the 1800s with ships like The Challenger and The Meteor. We have much more advanced technology and submersibles, such as ROVs and AUVs, sonar systems, and measuring devices. In the early explorations, "soundings" a line with a weight on the end would be used to measure the depth of the water, and Magnetic Loadstones were used in China as compasses. The Challenger Expedition was a groundbreaking event that showed all the wonders of the ocean and different things that were yet to be explored and found, as they discovered more than 4,700 new species.
Picture: http://clccharter.org/hunter1/Challenger/hms-challenger.jpg
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